Central America in the 1980s
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I. Nicaraguan v. Cuban revolutions

A. U.S. intervention

- William Walker (1856-57)
- Somoza family (1933-1979), Anastasio Somoza Debayle
- Pedro Joaquín Chamorro (d. 1978)
- Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), enters Managua July 20, 1979

B. Sandinista socialism

- mixed economy
- pro-church
- democratic? Violeta Chamorro v. Daniel Ortega

C. U.S. intervention redux

- economic blockade and loan blocks
- contras; Iran-contra affair; Oliver North
- State dept: John Negroponte, Thomas Pickering

1981(83)-85, ambassadors to Honduras and El Salvador
Honduras: Military aid grows from $4 to 77 m.
Compare to El Salvador, $6 b.

D. Feb. 1990, Nicaraguan elections, 55% to UNO/Violeta Chamorro

- U.S. invasion of Panama (Manuel Noreiga), Dec. 20 1989